The Language Teacher
New Trends in Global Issues and
English Teaching
Education is a bridge to reach success. It
is also a factor to define who are the people in the society. It is also defining
our culture. That’s why educational system are searching, improving and making
new trends that will help the teacher and the student to have a purposeful
teaching and learning experience in our educational system.
I will
focus this new trends in four specific areas where the influence of global
education has made itself felt: (1) new thinking about the aims and mission of
the English teaching profession; (2) new ideas about the content of English
language teaching (ELT); (3) out-reach efforts by ELT associations to global
issue speakers and organizations; (4) the formation of global issue interest
groups within the English teaching profession.
Rethinking Aims
One
key trend in the English teaching profession linked to the growing interest in
education is a rethinking of basic educational goals, the "why" of
English education. Many people said that TEFL (Teaching English as a
Foreign Language), TESL (Teaching English as a Second Language), TESOL
(Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) is just teaching TENOR (Teaching
English for No Obvious Reason). Meaning we teach English without purpose. We just
teach it because it is in the syllabus. We just teach grammar, literature and
communication with the daily routine of classroom, textbooks and test and the
English teacher forget the fundamental question, What is his/her purpose in
teaching English.
An American
educator H. D. Brown (1990), phrases this in terms of the mission of the
profession:
What
are we doing for the Earth? What are we doing to save it? What are the issues?
And what on earth does this have to do with you as an ESL teacher? It has
everything to do with you as an ESL teacher. Global, peace and environmental
issues intrinsically affect every human being on earth. These issues provide
content for your content-based humanized teaching of the 90's. We teachers have
a mission, a mission of helping everyone in this world communicate with each
other to prevent the global disaster ahead. The 90's are in your hands.
Educators
aim fostering a sense of social responsibility in students. This idea came from
William Kirby, Commissioner of the Texas Education Agency. What good is it
to teach our students to read if they only read degrading pornography? What
good is it to teach students to write if they use their knowledge to write
racist graffiti? What good is it to teach students arithmetic if they use their
skills only to embezzle others?
The
implication is this we cannot call our English teaching successful if our
students, however fluent, are ignorant of world problems, have no social
conscience or use their communication skills for international crime,
exploitation, oppression or environmental destruction.
Rethinking of Content
In
addition to a rethinking of goals, the "why" of English teaching, the
new interest in global issues has also led to a rethinking of content, the "what" of education. This is
related to the growing interest of the profession in content-based language
teaching (Silver, 1991).
Content-based
teaching argues that language is most effectively learned in the context of
relevant, meaningful, motivating content which stimulates students to think and
learn through the use of the target language.
Content
educators stress that language is a means of learning about the world and
recommend the use of motivating themes and authentic materials in classroom
teaching. But the question, is this content is worth teaching? Does it help to
meet the need for more meaningful content and address the lack of educational
relevance of English in the school.This view has been voiced, among others, by
the British educator Alan Maley (1992):
Global
issues are real issues: the spoliation of the rain-forests, the thinning of the
ozone layer, acid rain, nuclear waste disposal, exponential population growth,
the spread of AIDS, state violence and genocide in Kurdistan, Tibet and Bosnia,
ecological disaster compounded by war in Ethiopia and Somalia . . . the list is
depressingly long. What has this to do with the teaching of EFL? English
language teaching (ELT) has been bedeviled with three perennial problems: the
gulf between classroom activities and real life; the separation of ELT from the
main stream of educational ideas; the lack of content as its subject matter. By
making Global Issues a central core of EFL, these problems would be to some
extent resolved. (p. 73)
Global Outreach
In
order to bring real world content into the classroom, teachers must step outside
the field of English language teaching to access materials and information from
outside sources.
The
English teaching organization promotes global education through a series of
conference workshops which introduce English teachers to experts, resources and
ideas from global issue fields. and instructed English teachers on how to
integrate global issues into their teaching; for example the "TESOL Day at
the Carter Center" (TESOL'93, Atlanta, Georgia) where teachers attended
workshops on conflict resolution by peace experts from former President Jimmy
Carter's staff; and "TESOL Day at the Rainforest" (TESOL'94,
Baltimore) at which English teachers were shown how to integrate ecology themes
into their lessons by environmental experts. Similar initiatives have taken
place in Japan where experts in areas such as peace education, human rights
issues and environmental problems have addressed English teachers at JALT
conferences about how best to teach these global issues in their classrooms
(Casey, 1994). This outreach can also be seen in the kinds of featured speakers
invited to international conferences. JALT's recent 1996 international
conference in Hiroshima, for example, featured UNESCO expert Felix Marti
speaking on Linguapax, language teaching, and world peace. Featured speakers at
other international conferences have included US civil rights leader Andrew
Young (TESOL'93), international educator and human rights advocate Mary Hatwood
Futrell (TESOL'94), Vietnamese peace activist Le Ly Hayslip (TESOL'95), and
cross-cultural expert Milton Bennett speaking on tolerance and intercultural
understanding (Korea TESOL'95).
The
invitation of international speakers to ELT conferences underscores the
commitment of English teaching organizations to link English education to the
outside world, raise awareness of global issues, strengthen commitment to
socially responsible teaching and remind teachers of the wider social context
of their classroom work.
Special
Interest Groups
A
final trend within the profession is the formation of global issue special
interest groups within major international organizations. Its aims were defined
as (1) to promote the integration of global issues, global awareness and social
responsibility into foreign language teaching; (2) to promote networking and
support among educators dealing with global issues in language teaching; and
(3) to promote awareness among language teachers of developments in global
education and the related fields of environmental education, human rights
education, peace education, and development education. Through this aim other
organizations around the world. Like Peace and Health Education Interest Group
in TESOL Italy (1994), a Global Issues SIG within the Korea TESOL organization
(March, 1995), a Global Issues SIG in the UK-based IATEFL association (April,
1995), a Global Education Study Group in the Japan Association of College
English Teachers (April, 1996), plus ongoing efforts to establish a
Global/Peace Education interest group within the US-based TESOL organization.In
organizing these groups has enabled English teachers around the world who are
involved with global, peace and environmental education to receive funds, begin
projects, issue newsletters, hold workshops, obtain conference time to share
their research and teaching experience, and to further promote global education
within their organizations. The existence of these groups serves to validate
global education as a legitimate goal of English teaching and to highlight the
social responsibility of the profession.
Conclusion
The
rapid growth of interest in global education within the field of English
education over the past decade has helped to stimulate the profession in many
ways. It encouraged a reconsideration of the basic aims of English teaching,
sparked a debate about the mission of our profession, and promoted a healthy
discussion about meaningful content and educational relevance.
It is
a challenge to us as future teachers to get out of the box or old way
methodology. English teachers must have a broader perspective about the content
so that he can easily relate and put ideas, principles into a real life situation.
We are facing a very challenging task. This is an eye opener to the next
generation English teacher that our task is not an easy task we need to think,
to explore and expand our horizon so that we can effectively teach the content
purposefully.
Note:
This thoughts came from Kip A. Cates
of Tottori University.
This article
copyright © 1997 by the author.
Document URL: http://www.jalt-publications.org/tlt/files/97/may/cates.html
Last modified: 29Ã…@Jan, 1998
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